Study (year), study type |
Subjects |
Int. |
Control |
Results |
Ref. |
Jovanovic-Peterson et al. (1989), randomized trial |
Int.: 10 Control: 9 (BMI: n/a) |
6-week diet plus exercise Arm ergometry Three sessions of 20 min/week at 70% HRmax |
Diet only |
Reduced fasting glucose (70 vs 88 mg/dl; p < 0.001) Reduced 1-h glucose (106 vs 188 mg/dl; p < 0.001) Reduced HbA1c (4.2 vs 4.7%; p < 0.001) |
[74] |
Bung et al.(1991), randomized trial |
Int.: 17 Control: 17 (BMI: n/a) |
6+ week diet plus exercise Stationary cycling Three sessions of 45 min/week at 50% VO2max |
Diet plus insulin |
No effect on glycemic control vs insulin group Reduced requirement for insulin |
[48] |
Avery et al. (1997), randomized trial |
Int.: 15 Control: 14 (BMI: 26.9) |
>6-week diet plus exercise Stationary cycling plus home-based exercise Three to four sessions of 30 min/week at 70% HRmax 50% supervised sessions |
Diet only |
No effect on requirement for insulin (27 vs 14%; p = 0.65) No effect on 2-h glucose (86 vs 96 mg/dl; p = 0.1) |
[75] |
Brankston et al. (2004), randomized trial |
Int.: 16 Control: 16 (BMI: 27.0) |
6-week diet plus exercise Resistance training Three sessions per week Two-to-three circuits of eight exercises, 15–20 repetitions of each exercise |
No exercise |
No effect on requirement for insulin (43.8 vs 56.3%; p = 0.48) Increased latency to onset of insulin therapy (3.7 vs 1.1 weeks; p < 0.05) Reduced insulin dose (0.22 vs 0.48 U/kg; p < 0.05) Reduced fasting capillary blood glucose (4.7 vs 5.1 mmol/l; p = 0.07) Reduced postprandial blood glucose (6.0 vs 6.4 mmol/l; p < 0.05) |
[50] |
Artal et al.(2007), prospective nonrandomized trial |
Int.: 39 Control: 57 (BMI: 34.2) |
>6-week diet plus exercise Walking plus stationary cycling Five-to-six sessions of 30 min/week at 60% VO2max |
Diet only |
Reduced GWG (diet 0.1 vs diet plus exercise 0.3 kg/week) Reduced macrosomia (gained weight 17% vs did not gain weight 4%) Reduced requirement for insulin (diet 39% vs diet plus exercise 35%) |
[47] |
Davenport et al.(2008), case–control study |
Int.: 10 Control: 20 (BMI: 32.8) |
>6-week diet plus exercise Low-intensity walking Three-to-four sessions of 25–40 min/week at 30% VO2peak |
Diet only |
No effect on requirement for insulin (70% in both groups) Reduced insulin dose (0.16 vs 0.5 U/kg; p < 0.05) Reduced fasting and postprandial capillary blood glucose (p < 0.05) |
[51] |
de Barros et al. (2010), randomized trial |
Int.: 32 Control: 32 (BMI: 25.4) |
Diet plus exercise Resistance training Three sessions/week Two-to-three circuits of eight exercises, 15 repetitions of each exercise |
Diet only |
↓Requirement for insulin (21.9 vs 56.3%; p = 0.005) ↓Time spent within target glucose range (63 vs 41%; p = 0.006) |
[52] |